In cases of long COVID, various systemic disturbances can occur in the body. As a result, lung tissue damage and scarring may develop, making breathing more difficult. Inflammatory markers can remain elevated both in the blood and in the central nervous system. The autonomic nervous system — which regulates involuntary functions such as breathing, digestion, heart activity, and blood pressure — may also be affected. In addition, many people experience a reduced sense of smell and taste, or even a complete loss of these senses.